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SSC CGL Expected GK and General Science Revision Notes

SSC CGL Expected GK and General Science Revision

Comprehensive exam revision covering Indian polity, geography, Indian architecture, tennis Grand Slams, physiology of the small intestine, and modern Indian history based on recent examination trends. Key topics include Panchayati Raj constitutional provisions, BRICS agriculture data, space missions, and economic planning.

SSC
Static GK
English · 14 topics
Checked against the video on 22 Oct 2026

Made by AI from the YouTube video SSC CGL 2026 review | SSC CGL 22 October to 28 October Expected Paper | SSC CGL 2026 analysis today (opens YouTube in a new tab) by STUDY 4U, then checked against it. All credit for the teaching goes to the creator. Tap a topic’s time to confirm a fact in the video.

SSC CGL Expected GK and General Science Revision

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In short

Comprehensive exam revision covering Indian polity, geography, Indian architecture, tennis Grand Slams, physiology of the small intestine, and modern Indian history based on recent examination trends. Key topics include Panchayati Raj constitutional provisions, BRICS agriculture data, space missions, and economic planning.

Panchayati Raj and Constitutional Provisions

The Eleventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains provisions regarding Panchayati Raj.
Must knowThe Eleventh Schedule and Part IX were inserted into the Constitution through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which came into effect on 24 April 1993.
National Panchayati Raj Day is commemorated annually on 24 April to mark the enactment of this amendment.
The Eleventh Schedule lists 29 matters relating to the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats, corresponding to Article 243-G.
Article 40 of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) directs state governments to organize village panchayats.
The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) was the first to recommend a three-tier system: Gram Panchayat at village level, Panchayat Samiti at block level, and Zilla Parishad at district level.
Panchayati Raj was officially first adopted in India on 2 October 1959 at Nagaur district, Rajasthan, and the tenure fixed for Panchayati Raj institutions is 5 years.

Tea Production and BRICS Geography

Must knowAmong BRICS nations and globally, China is the largest producer of tea, contributing approximately 53% of global output.
India ranks second worldwide and among BRICS nations in tea production, generating about 18% to 20% of global production.
Within India, Assam is the largest tea-producing state, contributing approximately 52% of the country's total output.
Tea cultivation requires acidic laterite soil that does not retain stagnant water, along with a warm and humid subtropical climate.
Must knowDarjeeling tea from West Bengal was the recipient of India's first GI tag in 2004.
The headquarters of the Tea Board of India is situated in Kolkata, West Bengal, while Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri Hills) is the largest tea producer in South India.
Tea contains stimulants such as caffeine and theanine, and the highest per capita tea consumption in the world is found in Türkiye.
The BRIC grouping was originally formed in 2006 and became BRICS after South Africa joined in 2010.

Architectural Heritage and Victorian Gothic Structures

Must knowChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) in Mumbai, formerly called Victoria Terminus (VT), was built in the Victorian Gothic style.
CSMT was constructed between 1887 and 1888, designed by British architect Frederick William Stevens (F.W. Stevens), and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.
Key features of this architectural style include pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and stained glass windows.
Oval Maidan in Mumbai separates Victorian Gothic structures on one side from Art Deco structures on the other, an ensemble recognized by UNESCO in 2018.
The Gateway of India in Mumbai was designed primarily in the Indo-Saracenic architectural style.
Gothic architecture originally originated in France during the 12th century.
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata began construction during the tenure of Lord Curzon and was designed by William Emerson.
Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker designed key administrative buildings in New Delhi, whereas Le Corbusier designed the master plan of Chandigarh.

Indian Tennis and Grand Slam Achievements

Must knowLeander Paes is the only Indian tennis player to win 18 Grand Slam titles (8 Men's Doubles and 10 Mixed Doubles).
Leander Paes won an individual Olympic Bronze Medal in Men's Singles at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2024.
Mahesh Bhupathi was the first Indian to win a Grand Slam title, securing the French Open Mixed Doubles in 1997.
Sania Mirza is the only Indian female tennis player to win 6 Grand Slam titles (3 Women's Doubles and 3 Mixed Doubles).
Rohan Bopanna became the oldest male player in the Open Era to win a Grand Slam at age 43 by claiming the 2024 Australian Open Men's Doubles.
In 1999, the duo of Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupathi (nicknamed the "Indian Express") won the Wimbledon Men's Doubles title.
The annual chronological sequence of the four Grand Slam tournaments is Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open.

World Happiness Report and Measurement Indices

Must knowThe World Happiness Report measures life evaluation using a numerical scale from 0 to 10, known as the Cantril Ladder.
On the Cantril Ladder scale, 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 represents the best possible life.
The report is published annually by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UN-SDSN) based on data collected via the Gallup World Poll.
The evaluation considers six key parameters: GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity, and perceptions of corruption.
Must knowThe concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) was formulated in 1972 by King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan.
International Day of Happiness is observed globally on 20 March, following a UN General Assembly resolution adopted in 2012 (first celebrated in 2013).
Finland has maintained the top position as the world's happiest country for consecutive years.

Biology: Small Intestine Structure and Epithelial Renewal

Must knowNew epithelial cells in the small intestine are generated by stem cells located at the base of the Crypts of Lieberkühn, which divide and migrate upward toward the villi.
Mature absorptive cells covering the villi are called enterocytes; they are fully differentiated and do not undergo cell division.
Finger-like projections called villi and the microvilli (brush border) on enterocytes increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
Digested fat molecules (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed into specialized lymphatic vessels within villi called lacteals.
Paneth cells, found in the crypts of the small intestine, secrete antibacterial enzymes including lysozyme.
Goblet cells present in the intestinal epithelium secrete mucus to provide lubrication and protect the mucosal lining.
Proteins are broken down completely and absorbed by the small intestine in their simplest form as amino acids.
The concept that new cells arise from pre-existing cells (*Omnis cellula e cellula*) was proposed by Rudolf Virchow in 1855.
Active absorption of glucose against the concentration gradient across small intestine cells utilizes energy in the form of ATP.

Cultural Fairs, Confluences, and River Geography

Must knowThe Ganga Sagar Mela takes place on Sagar Island (Sagardwip) in West Bengal, at the confluence of the Hooghly River (representing the holy Ganga) and the Bay of Bengal.
The holy dip at Ganga Sagar Mela occurs annually in January on the festival of Makar Sankranti, followed by prayers at the Kapil Muni Temple.
After the Kumbh Mela, the Ganga Sagar Mela is considered the second-largest religious congregation in India.
The rivers Alaknanda and Bhagirathi unite at Devprayag in Uttarakhand to formally form the river Ganga.
Asia's largest animal fair, the Sonepur Mela, is organized annually in Bihar at the confluence of the Gandak and Ganga rivers.
The Pushkar Mela in Rajasthan is famous for camel trading and sacred bathing during Kartik Purnima.

Athletics: Combined Events (Heptathlon and Decathlon)

Must knowThe women's Heptathlon is a combined track and field contest consisting of 7 events contested over two consecutive days.
400 metres is not an event in the women's Heptathlon; the running events are the 100m hurdles, 200m sprint, and 800m run.
The men's Decathlon consists of 10 events over two days, ending with the 1500 metres run on Day 2.
In women's sprint hurdles, the distance is 100 metres, whereas the men's sprint hurdles race covers 110 metres.
Discus throw is included in the men's Decathlon, but not in the women's Heptathlon.
The headquarters of World Athletics is located in Monaco.
Any athlete committing a false start in an official track event is immediately disqualified.

Day	Women's Heptathlon Events	Men's Decathlon Events
Day 1	100m Hurdles, High Jump, Shot Put, 200m	100m, Long Jump, Shot Put, High Jump, 400m
Day 2	Long Jump, Javelin Throw, 800m	110m Hurdles, Discus Throw, Pole Vault, Javelin Throw, 1500m

Space Technology and ISRO Milestones

Must knowEarly satellites such as Bhaskara-1 (1979) and IRS-1A (1988) were Earth Observation / Remote Sensing satellites aimed at studying land use, water resources, and forestry.
India's first artificial satellite, Aryabhata, was launched on 19 April 1975 using a Soviet launch vehicle.
India's first successful indigenous satellite launch occurred in 1980, placing the Rohini Satellite (RS-1) into orbit via the SLV-3 rocket.
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is acknowledged as the Father of the Indian Space Programme, while Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is known as the "Missile Man of India".
ISRO's primary spaceport, the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), is located at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
ISRO was formally established on 15 August 1969, with headquarters situated in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
23 August has been designated as National Space Day to commemorate the landing of Chandrayaan-3 at the Shiv Shakti Point near the lunar South Pole.
India's dedicated solar observation mission is Aditya-L1.

Bijapur Sultanate and the Adil Shahi Dynasty

Must knowIbrahim Adil Shah II (reigned 1580–1627) presided over the Golden Era of Bijapur, patronizing architecture, painting, and music.
Ibrahim Adil Shah II authored the classical musical treatise Kitab-i-Navras in the Dakhni language.
He was given the titles Jagat Guru and Abla Baba due to his benevolence and assistance to the poor.
The tomb complex Ibrahim Rauza in Bijapur is termed the "Taj Mahal of the Deccan".
Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur was constructed by Sultan Muhammad Adil Shah.
In 1565, Sultan Ali Adil Shah I joined the combined Deccan Sultanates to defeat the Vijayanagara Empire at the Battle of Talikota (Rakshasa Tangadi).
The independent Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur was founded around 1489–1490 by Yusuf Adil Shah.
In 1686, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb annexed Bijapur after defeating its final ruler, Sikandar Adil Shah.

Modern Indian Literature and Honors

Must knowIndian novelist R.K. Narayan was never awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1960 for his novel The Guide.
R.K. Narayan created the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi in works such as *Malgudi Days* and *Swami and Friends*.
Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for *Gitanjali*, becoming the first non-European laureate.
Tagore renounced his British Knighthood in 1919 in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Rudyard Kipling received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907 for works including *The Jungle Book*.
Arundhati Roy became the first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize in 1997 for *The God of Small Things*.
*The Inheritance of Loss* by Kiran Desai won the Man Booker Prize in 2006.
The semi-autobiographical novel *The Room on the Roof* was written by Ruskin Bond at age 17.

Economic Reforms and Trade Institutions

Must knowThe rapid increase in foreign investment across sectors in 1991 was driven by Liberalisation under the New Economic Policy.
Economic reforms were launched in July 1991 under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.
Must knowThe Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) was established on 1 January 1982 under the EXIM Bank Act of 1981 during the Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–1985).
EXIM Bank is headquartered in Mumbai and is wholly owned by the Government of India.
NABARD was set up on 12 July 1982 on the recommendations of the B. Sivaraman Committee.
The Sixth Five-Year Plan achieved a growth rate of 5.7%, surpassing its target of 5.2%.
The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) was enacted in 1999, replacing the restrictive FERA.

Modern Education Commissions in India

Must knowWood's Despatch of 1854, issued by Sir Charles Wood, is known as the Magna Carta of English Education in India.
Based on Wood's Despatch, the first three Indian universities were founded in 1857 at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras on the model of the University of London.
In 1835, Lord Macaulay presented his *Minute on Education*, establishing English as the medium for higher education.
The Hunter Education Commission was constituted in 1882 under Viceroy Lord Ripon to assess the implementation of Wood's Despatch.
The Raleigh Commission was established in 1902 under Lord Curzon to investigate universities and draft the Indian Universities Act.
The Sadler Commission was formed in 1917 to investigate reforms at Calcutta University.
Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was founded in 1916 primarily through the efforts of Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya.

Recent General Knowledge and Governance Initiatives

Must knowKerala is the first Indian state to establish its own public broadband network and receive an official ISP license via KFON (Kerala Fibre Optic Network).
Kerala declared the Right to Internet as a basic human right in 2019.
The mobile app MAUSAM was rolled out by the Ministry of Earth Sciences and IMD to provide official weather forecasts and live wind updates.
In physics, by Newton's law of universal gravitation, reducing the distance between two masses to one-third (d/3) increases the gravitational attraction force by 9 times.
In the inaugural Beach Games 2024 held at Ghoghla Beach, Diu, Madhya Pradesh finished on top of the medal tally with 18 medals (7 Gold, 6 Silver, 5 Bronze).

Key terms

Eleventh Schedule: Constitutional schedule listing 29 functional areas devolved to Panchayats under Article 243-G
Crypts of Lieberkühn: Tubular glands between intestinal villi housing stem cells that divide to regenerate the epithelial lining
Cantril Ladder: Numerical ladder scale from 0 to 10 used by the Gallup World Poll to gauge subjective well-being
Kitab-i-Navras: Anthology of songs and poetry composed in Dakhni by Ibrahim Adil Shah II
Wood's Despatch: Educational policy document of 1854 recommending structured vernacular schooling and universities in India
KFON: Kerala Fibre Optic Network, providing state-backed broadband infrastructure

Formulas

F = G × (m1 × m2) / d²: Newton's law of universal gravitation for computing attractive force between two masses

Exam tips and traps

Distance in the denominator of Newton's gravity law is squared: dividing distance by 3 multiplies gravitational force by 3² = 9.

Quick revision

Read these the night before the exam.

National Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated on 24 April every year.
China produces 53% of the world's tea, followed by India at 18% to 20%.
Darjeeling tea obtained India's first Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2004.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus was designed by F.W. Stevens and opened in 1887–1888.
Leander Paes won 18 Grand Slam titles and an individual Olympic bronze medal in 1996.
The Cantril Ladder rates subjective happiness on a numerical scale from 0 to 10.
Stem cells at the base of the Crypts of Lieberkühn produce all replacement cells of the intestinal lining.
The Ganga Sagar Mela is held at the confluence of the Hooghly River and Bay of Bengal on Sagar Island.
Women's Heptathlon includes 7 track and field events; it excludes the 400m race.
EXIM Bank was established on 1 January 1982 during the 6th Five-Year Plan.
Wood's Despatch led to the establishment of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras Universities in 1857.
Reducing the distance between two objects to d/3 increases the gravitational pull by 9 times.

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