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Human Circulatory and Excretory Systems: Practice MCQs

A comprehensive multiple-choice question session focusing on the human circulatory and excretory systems for primary teacher recruitment exams. The video covers key physiological concepts including blood composition, blood groups, cardiac anatomy, blood pressure regulation, and nephron function. Detailed explanations accompany each question to reinforce biological facts and exam readiness.

Teaching
Biology
English · 8 topics
Checked against the video on 25 Oct 2026

Made by AI from the YouTube video SUPER TET Science Class 21 | Human Body & Health Part-2 | 62 MCQs | Blood & Excretory System (opens YouTube in a new tab) by Balaji Study Adda, then checked against it. All credit for the teaching goes to the creator. Tap a topic’s time to confirm a fact in the video.

Human Circulatory and Excretory Systems: Practice MCQs

English8 topics · 6 MCQs · 15 flashcardsWatch the video (opens YouTube in a new tab)

Checked against the video

In short

A comprehensive multiple-choice question session focusing on the human circulatory and excretory systems for primary teacher recruitment exams. The video covers key physiological concepts including blood composition, blood groups, cardiac anatomy, blood pressure regulation, and nephron function. Detailed explanations accompany each question to reinforce biological facts and exam readiness.

Introduction and Circulatory Basics

The lecture provides practice questions on the human body and health, specifically circulatory and excretory systems.
Must knowThe circulatory system in the human body was discovered by scientist William Harvey.
Circulatory system functions as a transport network to deliver blood to various body organs and return it back.
Must knowAn average healthy adult human body contains approximately 5 to 6 litres of blood.
Blood is classified structurally as a fluid connective tissue.
Normal human blood has a pH value of approximately 7.4, making it slightly alkaline in nature.

Types of Circulatory Systems and Blood Composition

Must knowAn open circulatory system is found in organisms like insects and prawns, where blood flows freely into the body cavity rather than inside closed vessels.
Whole blood comprises approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements or blood corpuscles.
Blood corpuscles making up the remaining 45% consist of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
Must knowBlood plasma contains about 90% to 92% water, with proteins, glucose, hormones, and waste substances dissolved in it.
Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) have an average lifespan of about 120 days and are produced in the red bone marrow.
Old or damaged RBCs are filtered and destroyed in the spleen, which is therefore referred to as the graveyard of RBCs.

Blood Corpuscles and Hemostasis

The red colour of blood is caused by the iron-rich respiratory pigment hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.
Mature human RBCs lack a nucleus and maintain a biconcave circular shape.
Must knowWhite blood corpuscles (WBCs) are called the soldiers of the body because they defend against pathogenic microorganisms.
Platelets (thrombocytes) play a critical role in blood clotting to halt bleeding upon injury.
Platelets have a lifespan of approximately 7 to 10 days and are synthesized in the red bone marrow.
During dengue fever, the platelet count drops sharply, posing serious bleeding risks.
Must knowVitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting by aiding in the synthesis of prothrombin.

Blood Groups and Rh Factor

Must knowThe ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the year 1901, for which he received the Nobel Prize.
The Rh factor was discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener using Rhesus monkeys.
Must knowO negative (O-) blood group is the universal donor because it can be transfused to individuals of any blood group.
AB positive (AB+) blood group is the universal recipient and can receive blood from any group.
The plasma of blood group AB contains no antibodies, while its RBCs contain both A and B antigens.
Blood group O contains no antigens on its RBC surfaces, but possesses both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in its plasma.
AB | Both A and B | None
O | None | Both Anti-A and Anti-B

Blood Vessels and Cardiac Structure

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to different organs and possess thick, elastic muscular walls.
Must knowThe pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated (carbon dioxide-rich) blood, transporting it from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Veins collect deoxygenated blood from tissues and return it to the heart; they possess thinner walls and lower internal blood pressure.
Internal valves are present in veins to prevent the backflow of blood, whereas regular arteries do not have valves.
Capillaries are one-cell-thick, microscopic blood vessels where the direct exchange of gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste occurs.
The adult human heart weighs approximately 250 to 350 grams and is situated in the thoracic cavity slightly tilted to the left.
Must knowThe heart is protected externally from mechanical injury by a dual-layered sac called the pericardium.
The human heart contains four chambers: two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).
The left ventricle has the thickest muscular wall among all chambers because it pumps blood at high pressure throughout the entire body.
The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, while the bicuspid (mitral) valve guards the left side.

Cardiac Cycle and Diagnostics

Human circulation is termed double circulation because blood passes through the heart twice during one complete cycle (pulmonary and systemic circuits).
A healthy resting adult has an average heart rate of 72 beats per minute.
The first heart sound (lub) occurs when the atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) snap shut during ventricular contraction.
The second heart sound (dub) is produced by the closure of the semilunar valves.
Must knowThe sinoatrial node (SA node) located in the upper wall of the right atrium acts as the heart's natural pacemaker by generating electrical impulses.
Normal human blood pressure measures 120/80 mmHg, where 120 represents systolic pressure and 80 represents diastolic pressure.
Arterial blood pressure is clinically measured using an instrument called a sphygmomanometer.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart graphically to identify cardiac irregularities.
Lymph is rich in WBCs, providing immunity against infections and assisting in fat absorption in the small intestine.

Human Excretory System: Anatomy and Filtration

The primary excretory organs of the human body are the kidneys, which filter metabolic waste from the blood to form urine.
Human kidneys are bean-shaped (similar to rajma seeds) and measure roughly 10 to 12 cm in length.
Must knowThe structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
Each human kidney contains approximately 10 lakh (1 million) nephrons, totaling around 20 lakh across both kidneys.
The first step of urine formation, filtration (ultrafiltration), occurs inside the Malpighian corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule).
Selective reabsorption of glucose, essential salts, and nutrients takes place primarily in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
Must knowAntidiuretic hormone (ADH), secreted by the pituitary gland, promotes water reabsorption in renal tubules to regulate urine volume.
Normal human urine consists of roughly 95% water, 2.0% urea, and 1.5% mineral salts, with an acidic pH of about 6.0.
Kidney stones are primarily composed of insoluble crystals of calcium oxalate.
Uremia refers to the toxic accumulation of excessive urea in blood caused by renal failure.
Hemodialysis uses an artificial kidney machine to remove toxic nitrogenous wastes when kidneys fail completely.

Comparative Excretion in Organisms

Earthworms (phylum Annelida) excrete nitrogenous waste primarily via tubular organs called nephridia.
Insects like cockroaches and grasshoppers excrete uric acid using specialized structures called Malpighian tubules.
Must knowBirds and reptiles are uricotelic, excreting their nitrogenous waste primarily as paste-like uric acid to conserve body water.
Most aquatic animals like fish are ammonotelic, discharging toxic ammonia directly into the surrounding water.
Human sweat glands in the skin excrete excess water, salts, and traces of urea, helping in thermoregulation.
Ureters transport urine from the renal pelvis of the kidneys down to the urinary bladder for temporary storage.
The liver detoxifies highly poisonous ammonia by converting it into less toxic urea before releasing it into the blood for renal excretion.

Key terms

Double Circulation: Blood flow pattern where blood passes twice through the heart during each complete cycle via pulmonary and systemic pathways.
Nephron: The microscopic basic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and concentrating urine.
SA Node: Sinoatrial node; specialized cardiac muscle tissue in the right atrium that initiates the electrical impulses driving the heartbeat.
Hemodialysis: A medical procedure using an artificial machine (dialyzer) to filter waste and excess water from blood when kidneys fail.
Uricotelic: Animals (such as birds and reptiles) that excrete metabolic nitrogen waste primarily in the form of uric acid to minimize water loss.

Quick revision

Read these the night before the exam.

William Harvey discovered the human blood circulatory system.
An adult human body contains approximately 5 to 6 litres of blood.
Blood pH is slightly basic at approximately 7.4.
Plasma constitutes 55% of total blood volume and consists of 90% to 92% water.
Human RBCs lack a nucleus and live for approximately 120 days.
Blood group O- is the universal donor, whereas AB+ is the universal recipient.
Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood groups in 1901.
The pulmonary artery is the only artery carrying deoxygenated blood.
The left ventricle has the thickest muscular wall in the human heart.
A healthy adult heart beats an average of 72 times per minute.
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, measured with a sphygmomanometer.
Kidney stones primarily consist of calcium oxalate crystals.

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