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Living World and Cell Biology Practice Questions

The lecture works through 54 multiple-choice revision questions on the Living World and cell biology for teaching exams. Topics cover taxonomy, five-kingdom classification, kingdom-wise features, and key plant and animal characteristics. It concludes with core cell biology concepts including cell theory, organelles, cell division, and sub-cellular infectious agents.

Teaching
Science
English · 8 topics
Checked against the video on 25 Oct 2026

Made by AI from the YouTube video SUPER TET Biology Class 16 | Living World (जीवों की दुनिया) | 55 MCQ | UP प्राथमिक शिक्षक भर्ती 2026 (opens YouTube in a new tab) by Balaji Study Adda, then checked against it. All credit for the teaching goes to the creator. Tap a topic’s time to confirm a fact in the video.

Living World and Cell Biology Practice Questions

English8 topics · 8 MCQs · 15 flashcardsWatch the video (opens YouTube in a new tab)

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In short

The lecture works through 54 multiple-choice revision questions on the Living World and cell biology for teaching exams. Topics cover taxonomy, five-kingdom classification, kingdom-wise features, and key plant and animal characteristics. It concludes with core cell biology concepts including cell theory, organelles, cell division, and sub-cellular infectious agents.

Basics of Classification and Living Organism Features

Must knowCarl Linnaeus is called the Father of Taxonomy; he proposed the two-kingdom system and the binomial nomenclature system in 1735.
In binomial nomenclature, the first word denotes the genus (written with an initial capital letter) and the second word denotes the species (written in small letters), as in Homo sapiens.
Viruses act as the connecting link between living and non-living things because they behave as living organisms inside a host cell and inert non-living entities outside.
Reproduction is a characteristic of living organisms but is not an essential/mandatory defining criterion because sterile organisms like mules and infertile humans cannot reproduce despite being alive.
The widely accepted Five Kingdom Classification was proposed by R. H. Whittaker in 1969, dividing organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Kingdom Monera and Key Microorganisms

Kingdom Monera is the oldest and simplest kingdom, consisting entirely of unicellular prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.
Must knowThe cell wall of organisms in Kingdom Monera is primarily composed of peptidoglycan (also called murein), and they lack a true nucleus.
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) belong to kingdom Monera, can be unicellular or multicellular autotrophs, and assist in nitrogen fixation (examples: Nostoc, Anabaena).
Mycoplasma completely lacks a cell wall, exhibits variable shape, includes PPLO, and represents some of the smallest disease-causing living organisms.

Kingdom Protista and Algal Groups

Euglena serves as the connecting link between plants and animals because it performs autotrophic photosynthesis using chlorophyll in light and behaves heterotrophically in the dark.
Diatoms are microscopic protists known as the pastures of the sea because they cover large marine areas and produce significant oxygen via photosynthesis.
Must knowThe rigid cell wall of diatoms is impregnated with silica (SiO2) and is referred to as a frustule.
Paramecium has a slipper-like shape, earning it the name slipper animalcule, and moves rapidly through fresh water using hair-like cilia.
Blooms of dinoflagellates cause the marine phenomenon known as Red Tide, turning the sea water red due to their excessive rapid growth.

Kingdom Fungi and Lichens

Must knowThe fungal cell wall is made of chitin, and fungi are eukaryotic, chlorophyll-lacking organisms that are heterotrophic, saprophytic, or symbiotic.
The body of a fungus is made of filamentous threads called hyphae, and an intertwined network of hyphae forms a mycelium.
Rhizopus is commonly called bread mould, feeding saprophytically on decaying organic matter like stale bread and reproducing via spores.
Lichen represents a symbiotic association between algae (which synthesise food) and fungi (which provide shelter and moisture).
Lichens are natural indicators of air purity, being particularly sensitive to sulfur dioxide pollution.
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungi and the roots of higher plants, where the fungus absorbs water and minerals while the plant provides carbohydrates.

Plant Classification: Bryophytes to Angiosperms

Bryophytes (such as moss and Funaria) are termed the amphibians of the plant kingdom because they inhabit moist land but require water for sexual reproduction.
Bryophytes lack specialized vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).
Pteridophytes (the fern group) are the first plant group to develop vascular tissue, reproducing via microscopic spores rather than seeds.
Gymnosperms bear naked seeds that are not enclosed within fruits (examples: Cycas, Pinus).
Monocotyledonous plants typically possess fibrous root systems, leaves with parallel venation, and floral parts in multiples of 3.
Dicotyledonous plants generally feature a taproot system, leaves with reticulate venation, and floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5.

Feature	Monocots	Dicots
Root System	Fibrous root	Taproot
Leaf Venation	Parallel	Reticulate
Floral Part Multiples	Multiples of 3	Multiples of 4 or 5
Seed Cotyledons	Single cotyledon	Two cotyledons

Invertebrate Phyla: Arthropoda to Mollusca

Arthropoda is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom, characterised by segmented bodies and jointed appendages.
Must knowThe exoskeleton of organisms in phylum Arthropoda is made up of chitin.
Phylum Porifera comprises largely marine animals bearing countless pores across their sessile bodies (example: Spongilla).
Phylum Annelida possesses a true coelom, true metameric segmentation, and cutaneous respiration through the skin (examples: earthworm, leech).
Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata) includes radially symmetrical organisms like Hydra, sea anemone, and jellyfish, possessing stinging cells called nematocysts on their tentacles.
Phylum Echinodermata consists exclusively of marine animals with spiny surfaces and adult pentaradial symmetry (example: starfish).
Phylum Platyhelminthes includes flattened, triploblastic, acoelomate organisms called flatworms (examples: tapeworm, Planaria).
Phylum Nematoda comprises round, unsegmented organisms with a pseudocoelom (example: Ascaris).
Phylum Mollusca consists of soft-bodied animals with a muscular foot, often enclosed in a hard shell; snails possess a rasping organ called a radula in their mouth.

Vertebrate Classes and Characteristics

Pisces (fishes) have a 2-chambered heart (one atrium and one ventricle), are cold-blooded, and breathe using gills.
Class Amphibia (amphibians) typically possesses a 3-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle) and live both in water and on land.
Class Reptilia typically has a 3-chambered heart, but crocodiles and gharials are exceptions that possess a 4-chambered heart.
Class Aves (birds) have a 4-chambered heart, warm blood, oviparous reproduction, and lungs supplemented by air sacs for respiration.
Class Mammalia features mammary glands, body hair, warm blood, a 4-chambered heart, and mostly viviparous birth (bearing live young).

Class	Heart Chambers	Body Temperature	Key Breathing / Skin Feature
Pisces	2 chambers	Cold-blooded	Gills
Amphibia	3 chambers	Cold-blooded	Larval gills, adult skin/lungs
Reptilia	3 chambers (Crocodiles: 4)	Cold-blooded	Dry scaly skin
Aves	4 chambers	Warm-blooded	Lungs with air sacs
Mammalia	4 chambers	Warm-blooded	Body hair and mammary glands

Cell Biology: Organelles, Division, and Non-Cellular Entities

Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 while examining bottle cork under a microscope.
The Cell Theory was formulated by Schleiden and Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow added in 1855 that all cells arise from pre-existing cells (*Omnis cellula e cellula*).
Eukaryotic cells possess an organized, membrane-bound true nucleus along with membrane-bound organelles.
Cell dimensions are measured in microns, where 1 micron equals 10⁻⁶ metres.
Food is stored as starch in plant cells and as glycogen in animal cells.
The centriole aids cell division in animal cells and is usually absent in plant cells (where a cell plate forms instead).
Must knowMitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP via food oxidation, and have a double membrane.
The nucleus is the cellular control center containing genetic material (DNA).
Ribosomes lack membranes and perform protein synthesis.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are called suicide bags of the cell because they digest worn-out parts or burst to destroy a damaged cell.
The Golgi body acts as the cellular post office, processing, modifying, packaging, and secreting cellular substances.
In mitosis, one somatic parent cell divides to yield two identical daughter cells with unchanged chromosome numbers (2n -> 2n).
In meiosis, germ cells divide to yield four daughter cells with halved chromosome counts (2n -> n), generating genetic variation.
Viroids are sub-cellular infectious agents consisting solely of free circular single-stranded RNA without a protein coat.
Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of abnormally folded protein, devoid of any nucleic acid.

Key terms

Taxonomy: The branch of science concerned with the classification, identification, and naming of organisms
Binomial Nomenclature: A two-term naming system where the first name represents the genus and the second represents the species
Five Kingdom Classification: Classification system established by R. H. Whittaker dividing life into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Peptidoglycan: The biochemical polymer forming the mesh-like cell wall of monerans/bacteria
Frustule: The hard, silica-rich cell wall of a diatom
Hyphae: Thread-like filaments constituting the vegetative body of a fungus
Mycelium: The interwoven network of fungal hyphae
Radula: A minutely toothed, rasping anatomical structure found in the mouth of molluscs
Nematocysts: Specialized stinging cellular capsules found on the tentacles of cnidarians
Air Sacs: Internal respiratory structures attached to the lungs of birds that facilitate continuous airflow
Viroid: An infectious plant pathogen consisting only of short circular RNA without a protein coat
Prion: An infectious agent consisting solely of misfolded protein without nucleic acid

Quick revision

Read these the night before the exam.

Carl Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature in 1735 and is known as the Father of Taxonomy.
Whittaker proposed the Five Kingdom system of classification in 1969.
Organisms in Kingdom Monera possess cell walls made of peptidoglycan and lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Euglena serves as the connecting link between plants and animals due to mixotrophic nutrition.
The silica-containing rigid cell wall of diatoms is called a frustule.
Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin, and their filamentous body units are called hyphae.
Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and fungi and serve as sensitive bio-indicators of SO2 pollution.
Bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom because fertilization depends on water.
Pteridophytes are the earliest plant group to develop vascular tissues.
Crocodiles are reptilian exceptions having a 4-chambered heart instead of a 3-chambered heart.
Mitochondria generate cellular energy in the form of ATP and are known as the powerhouses of the cell.
Rudolf Virchow stated that new cells arise from pre-existing cells in 1855.

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