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Science in Everyday Life - Super TET Revision Notes

Complete theory notes for the "Science in Daily Life" unit of the Super TET science syllabus. It covers temperature measurement, wool processing steps, measuring instruments, physical quantities and units, everyday chemicals, natural indicators, alloys, gases, polymers, vitamins, and key NCERT/SCERT facts.

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Science
English · 8 topics
Checked against the video on 25 Oct 2026

Made by AI from the YouTube video Super TET Science Class-1 | दैनिक जीवन में विज्ञान | NCERT + SCERT Based | Complete Concept (opens YouTube in a new tab) by Balaji Study Adda, then checked against it. All credit for the teaching goes to the creator. Tap a topic’s time to confirm a fact in the video.

Science in Everyday Life - Super TET Revision Notes

English8 topics · 7 MCQs · 15 flashcardsWatch the video (opens YouTube in a new tab)

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Complete theory notes for the "Science in Daily Life" unit of the Super TET science syllabus. It covers temperature measurement, wool processing steps, measuring instruments, physical quantities and units, everyday chemicals, natural indicators, alloys, gases, polymers, vitamins, and key NCERT/SCERT facts.

Syllabus Overview and Temperature Measurement

The science section in the Super TET syllabus carries 10 marks and begins with the topic Dainik Jeevan Mein Vigyan (Science in Daily Life).
A clinical thermometer consists of a long, narrow, uniform glass tube with a bulb at one end filled with mercury.
Must knowThe clinical thermometer scale is marked in Celsius and measures human body temperatures in the range from 35°C to 42°C.
Must knowThe normal temperature of the human body is 37°C.

Wool Processing Steps

Wool is extracted from sheep hair by cutting and processing it through a fixed sequence of steps.
The first step, shearing (un ki katai), is the removal of the fleece along with a thin layer of skin from the sheep's body.
Scouring (abhimarjan) involves washing the sheared hair thoroughly in tanks to remove grease, dust, and dirt.
Must knowSorting (chhatai) separates hair of different textures, followed by picking out small fluffy fibres called burrs (bar) and drying them.
Dyeing involves colouring the fibres in various shades, followed by the final step of reeling (rolling fibres into yarn).

Step	Hindi Name	Description
Step 1	Un ki Katai	Cutting sheep fleece with a thin layer of skin
Step 2	Abhimarjan	Washing fleece in tanks to remove dirt and grease
Step 3 & 4	Chhatai	Sorting in factories and picking out fluffy burrs
Step 5 & 6	Rangai & Reeling	Dyeing fibres and straightening/reeling them into yarn

Scientific Measuring Instruments

Ammeter measures electric current in an electric circuit, while voltmeter measures the potential difference between two points.
Must knowA hygrometer measures humidity in the atmosphere, whereas a hydrometer measures the relative density of liquids.
A galvanometer detects the presence of electric current, and a transformer changes alternating voltage levels based on electromagnetic induction.
An altimeter measures the altitude of flying aircraft, while an anemometer measures wind speed and force.
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, and a manometer measures the pressure of gases in a closed pipe.
A periscope enables an underwater viewer in a submarine to see above the surface, and an odometer measures distance travelled by a vehicle.
Fathometer measures ocean depth, SONAR detects submerged objects using sound waves, and RADAR determines aircraft altitude, direction, and velocity using radio waves.

Electroplating and Physical Quantities

Electroplating (vidyut lepan) is the process of depositing a thin layer of a desired metal onto another material using electric current.
Electroplating is used to apply protective or shiny coatings such as chromium, silver, or gold onto car parts, bath taps, bicycle handles, and jewellery.
There are seven fundamental physical quantities: length (metre), mass (kilogram), time (second), electric current (ampere), temperature (kelvin), luminous intensity (candela), and amount of substance (mole).
Supplementary quantities include plane angle, measured in radian, and solid angle, measured in steradian.
Derived quantities include area (m²), pressure (N/m²), volume (m³), density (kg/m³), work/energy (N·m or J), acceleration (m/s²), and displacement (m).

Conversion Factors and Important Physical Values

Must knowOne light year is a unit of length/distance and equals 9.46 × 10¹⁵ metres.
One standard kilogram corresponds to the mass of 1 litre (1000 cm³) of pure water at 4°C.
Must knowOne mole of any substance contains 6.023 × 10²³ molecules, known as Avogadro's number.
A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the north-south direction.
Capillarity causes liquid to rise or fall in a narrow capillary tube, seen in kerosene rising in lantern wicks and blotting paper absorbing ink.
One parsec equals 3.26 light years or 3.08 × 10¹⁶ metres, representing the largest unit for measuring astronomical distances.
Standard atmospheric pressure equals 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa, 1 horsepower equals 746 watts, and 1 kilowatt-hour equals 3.6 × 10⁶ joules.
Light travels in vacuum at 3 × 10⁸ m/s, and earthquake intensity is recorded on the Richter scale.
Must knowBringing an object from the moon to Earth changes its weight (which becomes 6 times, or was 1/6 on the moon), but its mass remains unchanged.

Everyday Chemicals and Their Uses

Common salt is sodium chloride (NaCl), used in food preparation and preservation.
Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), which acts as an antacid.
Must knowWashing soda is sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O), used for washing clothes and removing permanent hardness of water.
Bleaching powder is calcium oxychloride (CaOCl2), utilized for disinfecting water.
Plaster of Paris (POP) is calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2H2O), used for setting fractured bones and making statues; it is made by heating gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O).

Natural Acids, Indicators, and Alloys

Vinegar contains acetic acid, ant stings contain formic acid (methanoic acid), citrus fruits contain citric acid, curd contains lactic acid, and spinach and tomatoes contain oxalic acid.
Tamarind and grapes contain tartaric acid, while amla and citrus fruits provide ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Must knowLitmus turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions; phenolphthalein is colourless in acid and pink in base; methyl orange turns red in acid and yellow in base.
Brass is an alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), while bronze consists of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn).
Stainless steel is made of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and carbon (C), preventing rust formation.
Solder (tanka) is composed of lead (Pb) and tin (Sn) and has a low melting point suited for joining electrical parts.

Commercial Gases, Polymers, and Deficiencies

LPG consists primarily of butane and propane, with ethyl mercaptan added as an odorant to detect leaks.
CNG (compressed natural gas) consists mainly of methane (CH4), and tear gas primarily contains chloropicrin (CCl3NO2).
Rayon is known as artificial silk and is prepared by the chemical treatment of wood pulp.
Must knowNylon is the first fully synthetic fibre, used in ropes and parachutes.
Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic and poor conductor of heat and electricity used for electric switches and pot handles; melamine resists fire, and Teflon provides non-stick coating.
Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, vitamin B1 causes beriberi, vitamin C causes scurvy, vitamin D causes rickets, vitamin E impairs reproduction, and vitamin K prevents normal blood clotting.
Sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite serve as common food preservatives for jams and squashes.
Soda-acid fire extinguishers release carbon dioxide (CO2) by reacting sodium bicarbonate with sulphuric acid.
The Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred on 2-3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide factory due to the leakage of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas.

Key terms

Shearing: Cutting sheep fleece with a thin layer of skin
Scouring: Washing sheared fleece in water tanks to remove dust and grease
Reeling: The final step of unravelling and winding wool fibres into yarn
Hygrometer: An instrument used to measure atmospheric humidity
Hydrometer: An instrument used to measure the relative density of liquids
Parsec: The largest unit of astronomical distance, equal to 3.26 light years
Plaster of Paris: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2H2O), formed by heating gypsum
Ethyl Mercaptan: Chemical added to odourless LPG cylinders to detect gas leakage
Pasteurization: Heating milk to 70°C for 15 to 30 seconds followed by sudden cooling to destroy microbes

Formulas

1 Light Year = 9.46 × 10¹⁵ m: Astronomical distance conversion
1 Parsec = 3.26 Light Years = 3.08 × 10¹⁶ m: Conversion between parsec, light years, and metres
1 Horsepower = 746 W: Power unit conversion
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J: Energy conversion

Quick revision

Read these the night before the exam.

The human body's normal temperature is 37°C, and a clinical thermometer reads between 35°C and 42°C.
The correct sequence of wool manufacturing is shearing -> scouring -> sorting -> burr removal -> dyeing -> reeling.
Relative density of liquids is measured by a hydrometer, whereas air humidity is measured by a hygrometer.
Avogadro's number in one mole of a substance equals 6.023 × 10²³ molecules.
A freely suspended magnet consistently settles in the north-south direction.
Moving an object from the moon to Earth alters its weight, while its mass stays constant.
Washing soda has the chemical formula Na2CO3·10H2O and removes permanent water hardness.
Plaster of Paris is CaSO4·1/2H2O, prepared by heating gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O).
Phenolphthalein turns pink in basic solutions and remains colourless in acidic solutions.
Brass is made of copper and zinc, while bronze is made of copper and tin.
Nylon is the first fully synthetic fibre produced.
The toxic gas leaked during the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in December 1984 was methyl isocyanate (MIC).

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दैनिक जीवन में विज्ञान (Super TET सम्पूर्ण अल्टीमेट मास्टर नोट्स)
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