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Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Questions

This lecture covers key multiple-choice questions on human anatomy and physiology for Super TET primary teacher exams. It details cell biology, the skeletal system, digestive processes and enzymes, and the respiratory system. Comparative anatomy facts regarding respiration in different organisms and common respiratory ailments like tuberculosis are also explained.

Teaching
Science
English · 6 topics
Checked against the video on 25 Oct 2026

Made by AI from the YouTube video SUPER TET Science Class 20 | Human Body & Health Part-1 | 51 MCQs | UP Primary Teacher 2026 (opens YouTube in a new tab) by Balaji Study Adda, then checked against it. All credit for the teaching goes to the creator. Tap a topic’s time to confirm a fact in the video.

Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Questions

English6 topics · 5 MCQs · 12 flashcardsWatch the video (opens YouTube in a new tab)

Checked against the video

In short

This lecture covers key multiple-choice questions on human anatomy and physiology for Super TET primary teacher exams. It details cell biology, the skeletal system, digestive processes and enzymes, and the respiratory system. Comparative anatomy facts regarding respiration in different organisms and common respiratory ailments like tuberculosis are also explained.

Cell Organization and Human Organs

The fundamental structural and functional unit of the human body is the cell.
Groups of similar cells working together to perform a common function form a tissue.
The largest organ of the human body that covers and protects against external infections is the skin.
Must knowThe largest internal organ and the largest gland of the human body is the liver.
The liver produces bile and is located in the upper right part of the abdominal cavity.

Skeletal System and Teeth Anatomy

Must knowThe femur, situated in the thigh, is the longest and strongest bone of the human body.
The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes, located in the middle ear to transmit sound vibrations.
An adult human skeleton contains 206 bones, while a newborn infant has approximately 270 bones which later fuse together.
The hardest substance in the human body is enamel, which forms the outer layer of the teeth.
Must knowAn adult human has a dental formula of 2123/2123 (totaling 32 teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars per quadrant), whereas a child's dental formula is 2102/2102 (totaling 20 milk teeth without premolars).
Incisors are located at the front of each jaw and function to cut food.

Parameter	Adult Human	Child
Total Teeth Count	32	20
Dental Formula	2123/2123	2102/2102
Premolars	Present	Absent

Digestive System Structure and Secretions

The posterior part of the human tongue senses bitter tastes, while the anterior tip is sensitive to sweet tastes.
In the small intestine, finger-like projections called villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
The total length of the human digestive tract ranges from 8 to 9 meters from mouth to anus.
Most of the digestion and nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, whereas water and mineral salts are absorbed in the large intestine.
The muscular esophagus moves chewed food directly from the mouth into the stomach without digesting it.
Must knowPancreas acts as a mixed gland (having both endocrine and exocrine functions) and secretes pancreatic juice.

Digestive Enzymes and Biochemical Breakdown

Bile is produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and later released into the small intestine where it emulsifies fats into smaller particles without containing any digestive enzymes.
Digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase (ptyalin) breaks down starch into maltose.
In the stomach, hydrochloric acid (HCl) creates an acidic medium (pH 1.5 to 2.0) that kills harmful bacteria and activates pepsin.
Pepsin digests proteins into peptones in the stomach, while infant stomach produces rennin to convert milk protein casein into paracasein.
Must knowIn the final breakdown of digestion, carbohydrates are converted to glucose, proteins are broken down to amino acids, and fats are digested by lipase into fatty acids and glycerol.

Respiratory System Mechanism and Gaseous Exchange

In aerobic respiration, the complete oxidation of glucose inside mitochondria yields approximately 38 ATP of energy.
Under oxygen deficit during intense physical activity, anaerobic respiration occurs in human muscles, generating lactic acid which leads to muscle fatigue.
Inhaled air contains about 21% oxygen and 0.03% to 0.04% carbon dioxide, while exhaled air contains approximately 4% carbon dioxide.
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens downward, expanding lung volume; during exhalation, it returns to a dome shape.
Hemoglobin present in red blood cells (RBCs) transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.
Respiration rate is automatically controlled by the medulla oblongata located in the brain stem.
Must knowThe tidal volume, which is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, is approximately 500 mL.

Respiratory Structures and Comparative Anatomy

The trachea is supported by C-shaped cartilage rings that prevent it from collapsing when air pressure drops.
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in grape-like clusters called alveoli.
The right lung has 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower) and is larger than the left lung, which has 2 lobes.
The lungs are enclosed and protected against friction by a double-layered membrane called pleura.
In different organisms, gas exchange occurs via specialized organs: fish breathe through gills, earthworms through moist skin, and insects through spiracles and trachea.
Adult frogs breathe through lungs and moist skin, while their tadpole larvae use gills.
Must knowTuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Key terms

Enamel: The outermost and hardest mineralized substance covering human teeth.
Villi: Finger-like projections on the inner wall of the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Pleura: The protective double-layered membrane enclosing the lungs that reduces friction.
Tidal Volume: The volume of air inspired or expired during a single normal respiration cycle, roughly 500 mL.
Emulsification: The mechanical breakdown of large fat globules into small droplets by bile.

Quick revision

Read these the night before the exam.

The functional and structural unit of the human body is the cell.
The liver is the largest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body.
The longest and strongest bone is the femur; the smallest bone is the stapes.
Adult human dental formula is 2123/2123; children have 20 milk teeth and lack premolars.
Saliva contains ptyalin, which digests starch into maltose.
Pepsin converts proteins into peptones in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Bile is synthesized by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
Carbohydrates convert to glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids plus glycerol.
Complete aerobic oxidation of glucose yields roughly 38 ATP.
Accumulation of lactic acid in muscle tissue due to anaerobic respiration causes muscle fatigue.
The tidal volume of normal human breathing is approximately 500 mL.
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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